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Rumex giganteus

W.T.Aiton (1811)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Polygonaceae Genus: Rumex

pāwale [pawale], uhauhakō [uhauhako]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Scandent shrubs or lianas.

Stems: Stems usually decumbent or supported by trees in forested areas, sometimes sprawling to sub–erect in open areas or at high elevations, (8–)20–200 dm long, glabrous.

Roots: Taprooted.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong–ovate to occasionally deltate, sometimes narrowly oblong–ovate or in open sites smaller and ovate–elliptic, flat, 6–22(–30) cm long, (1.8–)2.5–10(–11.6) cm wide; blades not especially thick (occasionally somewhat thickened in open areas or at high elevations on east maui and mauna kea, hawaiʻi), dull. Apex acute, acuminate, or occasionally broadly obtuse. Base truncate or cordate, occasionally broadly cuneate in smaller leaves in open habitats or at high elevations. Surfaces glabrous or sometimes sparsely short–papillose–pilose. Margins entire, rarely slightly undulate. Petioles 1–7 cm long, glabrous to sparsely pilose. Stipules forming sheath or ocrea.

Flowers: Flowers in occasionally (hawaiʻi) pilose in the inflorescence, numerous in large, red or rarely green and sometimes tinged red, diffuse to somewhat congested, many-branched, usually pendent, paniculate inflorescences (15–)25–80 cm or more long, usually 20–30 cm or more wide, rarely narrower. Flowers unisexual (and the plants monoecious), the proportions of each sex varying from nearly equal to one type strongly dominating, actinomorphic. Tepals 6, outer 3 much smaller than inner ones, green, connate at base into a minute floral tube, inner 3 valves erect; staminate flowers with outer Tepals 1–1.2 mm long, the valves reddish or sometimes greenish, membranous, 1.5–1.8 mm long; pistillate flowers with outer Tepals usually reddish, ca. 1–1.4 mm long, the valves reddish or sometimes yellowish green, membranous, ca. 1.5 mm long, enlarging to 4–5 mm long and becoming cordate in fruit, venation becoming conspicuous, margins denticulate, the faces without tubercles. Stamens 6, staminate flowers with anthers ca. 1–1.2 mm long; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovule 1; styles 3; stigmas fimbriate, dry.

Fruit: Nuts trigonous; enclosed by the valves; pale brown; ca. 1.8–2.3 mm long; the 2 sides of a single arm of a mature nut distinctly diverging; the angle ca. 45°; margins of arms with a conspicuous rim. Seeds with well-developed; starchy and oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 54; ca. 56; 60

Habitat: Mesic to wet forest and subalpine woodland.

Elevation Range: (3–)660–3,050 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Hortus Kew. 2: 323 (1811)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1067 (Mo, M, H); Mosyakin & Wagner 1998:42 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Rumex giganteus koa mill, alika, s kona Metrosideros and Cibotium forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. cowan, r.s.; rogers, d.p. Hawaii BISH 12/30/1946
2 Rumex giganteus maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1841.m Kauai BISH
3 Rumex giganteus 23 Miles, Hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/29/1917
4 Rumex giganteus waikamoi drainage, n slope, on lower flume road Rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. collector number: 481b Maui BISH 8/1/1983
5 Rumex giganteus Kona, Keauhou 1 open parklands PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Christ, J.H. s.n. Hawaii BISH 5/15/1958
6 Rumex giganteus East Maui, slopes of Haleakala, above Ukulele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1934.M Maui BISH 7/1/1910
7 Rumex giganteus Keauhou Ranch, (TK-H), Kau District Log jam in pastureland in full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ESP Field Crew ESP 097 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1979
8 Rumex giganteus Puu Kapele grass, ashy soil PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fagerlund, G.O. 534 Hawaii BISH 4/19/1943
9 Rumex giganteus onini gulch Common on crater floor PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. perlman, s. collector number: h60801 Maui BISH 6/3/2008
10 Rumex giganteus East Maui, Haleakala, base of Sliding Sands trail cindery soil with Pteridium, Styphelia, Coprosma, Dubautia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3878 Maui BISH 7/15/1969
11 Rumex giganteus Puuwaawaa, N Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 12979 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1917
12 Rumex giganteus kupaia gulch, n bank, 3 m above bottom hale koa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN canfield, j.e. collector number: 1304 Oahu BISH 9/24/1985
13 Rumex giganteus kaulani prison rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN woolford, h.a. Kauai BISH 8/8/1950
14 Rumex giganteus kula forest reserve, waiohuli on open ground with Pukiawe, Mamane, grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1646 Maui BISH 7/17/1982
15 Rumex giganteus kupaia gulch, n bank, 3 m above bottom Metrosideros, Osmanthus, Pisonia, Dodonaea, Alyxia, Phyllanthus, Viola, Melinis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN canfield, j.e. collector number: 1304 Molokai BISH 9/24/1985
16 Rumex giganteus n kona, kahalulu, between mauna loa and hualalai, n of puu keanui and puu pohakuloa exotic grass, koa, ohia, native trees; lava tube on Coprosma PRESERVED_SPECIMEN jacobi, j.d. collector number: 1213 Hawaii BISH 6/11/1978
17 Rumex giganteus W Maui, Honokowai Valley, Amalu branch valley bottom PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 63 Maui BISH 12/21/1928
18 Rumex giganteus east molokai, n coast, base of wailele falls boulder rubble, under hala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2170 Molokai BISH 8/27/1984
19 Rumex giganteus puu hualalai, puuwaawaa moist gulch in woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. et al. collector number: 11399 Hawaii BISH 12/29/1931
20 Rumex giganteus makolelau, ridge s of puu kolekole, 1st large gulch to w dry exotic grass and shrubs, native trees and shrubs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. montgomery, s. collector number: 3886 Molokai BISH 6/20/1979
21 Rumex giganteus Kula Forest Reserve, Waiohuli on open ground with Pukiawe, Mamane, grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1646 Maui BISH 7/17/1982
22 Rumex giganteus East Maui, Auwahi, S slope of Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2110.M Maui BISH 3/27/1920
23 Rumex giganteus Mauna Kea, above Hale Pohaka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Sohmer, S.H. 6236 Hawaii BISH 1/1/1970
24 Rumex giganteus Waikamoi Drainage, N slope, on lower flume road Rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 481a Maui BISH 8/1/1983
25 Rumex giganteus crater of haleakala, kaeanae gap, halehaku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1050.m Maui BISH 8/3/1919
26 Rumex giganteus Waikii, Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 468 H Hawaii BISH 8/1/1911
27 Rumex giganteus E Kawela Gulch Streambed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Russell, C.A. 706 Molokai BISH 10/22/1987
28 Rumex giganteus Haleakala, W slope in clump of Mamane PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Olson, G.E. 38 Maui BISH 6/27/1937
29 Rumex giganteus kawela, w fork, waikolu stream, hanalilolilo wet ohia, native trees and shrubs, treeferns PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 2417 Molokai BISH 7/15/1979
30 Rumex giganteus Keauhou Ranch, (T-KH), Kau district Log jam in pastureland in full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ESP Field Crew ESP 097 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1979
31 Rumex giganteus In the crater of Haleakala, between the cabin and Waineke spring PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cranwell, L.M. 2807 Maui BISH 8/4/1938
32 Rumex giganteus east maui, hana district, haleakala national park, kipahulu valley sunny; with Dicranopteris, grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. collector number: 567a Kauai BISH 10/10/1983
33 Rumex giganteus N Hilo, Laupahoehoe, E Mauna Kea, ridge Humuula Rd/Maulua Tr koa, ohia, native-exotic shrub and grass; on fallen vine branches PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1536 Hawaii BISH 11/17/1977
34 Rumex giganteus keauhou ranch, (t-kh), kau district Log jam in pastureland in full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN esp field crew collector number: esp 097 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1979
35 Rumex giganteus Kaulani Prison Rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Woolford, H.A. s.n. Hawaii BISH 5/3/1905
36 Rumex giganteus Puu Hualalai, Puuwaawaa moist gulch in woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 11399 Hawaii BISH 12/29/1931
37 Rumex giganteus East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala National Park, Kipahulu Valley Rough `a`a lava area between Pu'u o' Pele; Pu'u o Maui & Ka Moa o Pele cinder cones. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 567b Maui BISH 10/10/1983
38 Rumex giganteus waikamoi drainage, n slope, on lower flume road Rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. collector number: 481a Maui BISH 8/1/1983
39 Rumex giganteus floor of kilauea iki crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN morley, h. Hawaii BISH 8/8/1935
40 Rumex giganteus 23 miles, hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. Hawaii BISH 8/29/1917
41 Rumex giganteus Pawale, Waikii, Waikoloa, S.Kohala dry, rocky PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2284 Hawaii BISH 6/10/1938
42 Rumex giganteus Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8332 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1910
43 Rumex giganteus haleakala, w slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN olson, g.e. collector number: 38 Kauai BISH 6/27/1937
44 Rumex giganteus east highland, kawela trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cranwell, l.m. collector number: 3840 BISH 9/21/1938
45 Rumex giganteus mauna kea, sw slope along "skyline trail," near large cinder cones PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 572 Oahu BISH 7/23/1981
46 Rumex giganteus N Kona, Puuwaawaa forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Skottsberg, C.J.F. 669 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1922
47 Rumex giganteus Honaunau FR, N jeep trail wet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1690 Hawaii BISH 7/6/1970
48 Rumex giganteus Trail up west bank of Honomanu trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2574.M Maui BISH 6/23/1920
49 Rumex giganteus Waikamoi Drainage, N slope, on lower flume road Rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 481c Maui BISH 8/1/1983
50 Rumex giganteus saddle rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cowan, r.s. Hawaii BISH 12/27/1968
51 Rumex giganteus kohala mts., upper hamakua ditch trail, head of koiawe valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cranwell, l.m. selling, o.; skottsberg, c. collector number: 3108 Hawaii BISH 9/7/1938
52 Rumex giganteus Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1841.M Maui BISH 4/3/1905
53 Rumex giganteus west maui, honokohau stream Growing in weedy hillside along outside of Wheeler AFB fence. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN meidell, j.s. oppenheimer, h. collector number: 142 Oahu BISH 8/21/1996
54 Rumex giganteus On Puuoikaaka Crater, slopes of Hualalai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 10046 Hawaii BISH 2/13/1912
55 Rumex giganteus kapapala forest reserve Supported bt Metrosideros trees to about 25 ft. in height. Open Acacia koa - Metrosideros forest with Stephelia shrubs increasingly common; a transition zone between closed forest 60-80 ft. and open forest 30' tall. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 558 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1981
56 Rumex giganteus West Maui, Honokohau Stream low land mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Meidell, J.S. 142 Maui BISH 8/21/1996
57 Rumex giganteus [hawaiian islands; u.s.a.; hawaii partial shade, moist pasture; on Eugenia cumini PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mann, h. brigham, w.t. collector number: 608 Maui BISH
58 Rumex giganteus in the crater of haleakala, between the cabin and waineke spring PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cranwell, l.m. selling, o.; skottsberg, c. collector number: 2807 French Frigate Shoals BISH 8/4/1938
59 Rumex giganteus Mauna Kea, Skyline trail, Hamakua District Growing above treeline in cindery substrate. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 877 Hawaii BISH 9/30/1981
60 Rumex giganteus Kapapala Forest Reserve Supported bt Metrosideros trees to about 25 ft. in height. Open Acacia koa - Metrosideros forest with Stephelia shrubs increasingly common; a transition zone between closed forest 60-80 ft. and open forest 30' tall. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 558 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1981
61 Rumex giganteus Puuwaawaa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 46 H Hawaii BISH 6/8/1911
62 Rumex giganteus puuwaawaa, n kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 12979 Oahu BISH 8/8/1917
63 Rumex giganteus Makolelau, ridge S of Puu Kolekole, 1st large gulch to W dry exotic grass and shrubs, native trees and shrubs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 3886 Molokai BISH 6/20/1979
64 Rumex giganteus kilauea crater rd. forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN meebold, a. Oahu BISH 5/1/1932
65 Rumex giganteus crater rim rd., 1/4 mi. w of halemaumau lookout, kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN carlquist, s. collector number: 2060 Oahu BISH 7/25/1966
66 Rumex giganteus Keauhou on aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F.R. Fosberg 41642 CONN 3/22/1961
67 Rumex giganteus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN david nelson s.n. NHMUK
68 Rumex giganteus West Maui, Ukumehame Valley, W fork between Hokuula and Hale Pohaku. Along perennial stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H51901 Maui PTBG 5/2/2019
69 Rumex giganteus Onini Gulch. Gully bottom. In mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H60801 Molokai PTBG 6/3/2008
70 Rumex giganteus W. Maui, Honokowai, Amalu Stream. Northing: 2316388 Easting: 747907 Degraded Metrosideros/Diospyros forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H100807 Maui PTBG 10/7/2008
71 Rumex giganteus Kamakou Preserve; west fork of stream just east of Kawela Ridge, along upper reaches of gulch and ridge leading to Puu o Kaeha; Elev. 970-1060 m. Low, mixed wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 5626 Molokai PTBG 10/22/1987
72 Rumex giganteus E. Maui, Koolau Gap, Keanae Valley, east Piinaau drainages. Closed Metrosideros polymorpha forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 12572 Maui PTBG 9/25/2007
73 Rumex giganteus Puu Lehua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 3014 Hawaii PTBG 5/4/1973
74 Rumex giganteus moist forest; on bark of tree PRESERVED_SPECIMEN TENN
75 Rumex giganteus Kau Distr., Kahuku, lava flow of 1907, c. 5 mi W of South Point Road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. L. Webster, R. Gankin & D. R. Herbst 14019 Hawaii US 7/1/1968
76 Rumex giganteus keauhou no. 2, on hualalai rd., n. kona on aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f.r. fosberg 41642 UConn 3/22/1961
77 Rumex giganteus mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8304 Hawaii US
78 Rumex giganteus Auwahi, S slope of Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 2110.M Maui US 3/27/2020
79 Rumex giganteus koa mill, alika homesteads PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john, r. s. cowan, l. frederick & d. rogers 22475 Hawaii US 12/30/1946
80 Rumex giganteus n side mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14289 Hawaii US 8/22/1916
81 Rumex giganteus Keauhou no 2, on Hualalai Rd, N Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 41642 Hawaii US 3/22/1961
82 Rumex giganteus kau distr., kahuku, lava flow of 1907, c. 5 mi w of south point road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. l. webster, r. gankin & d. r. herbst 14019 Hawaii US 7/1/1968
83 Rumex giganteus about 1 mi w of kulani prison camp on rd to mauna loa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 42064 Hawaii US 9/6/1961
84 Rumex giganteus Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8850 Oahu US 8/12/1927
85 Rumex giganteus Pu`uwa`awa`a, Pu`u Hualalai. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Bean, R. S.; Coulter, J. W.; Hashimoto, E. Y.; Hosaka, E. Y. 11.399 Hawaii US 12/29/1931
86 Rumex giganteus Koa Mill, Alika Homesteads PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Cowan, R. S.; Frederick, L.; Rogers, D. P. 22475 Hawaii US 12/30/1946
87 Rumex giganteus keauhou no 2, on hualalai rd, n kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 41642 Hawaii US 3/22/1961
88 Rumex giganteus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. carlquist 2066 Maui US
89 Rumex giganteus Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 8304 Hawaii US 6/10/2020
90 Rumex giganteus hawaii volcanoes national park, kilauea, caldera floor south of halemaumau pit. Shrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 45141 Molokai US 3/14/1964
91 Rumex giganteus E Maui, Haleakala National Park, base of Sliding Sands Trail in crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J. S. 3878 Maui US 7/15/1969
92 Rumex giganteus e maui, haleakala national park, base of sliding sands trail in crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. s. henrickson 3878 Maui US 7/15/1969
93 Rumex giganteus Near Manuka Park, Kau District. Bare aa lava flow (1868 flow). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carlquist, S. 2066 Hawaii US 7/26/2013
94 Rumex giganteus se of kauunuoku, hualalai, n. kona. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 41652 Hawaii US 3/22/1961
95 Rumex giganteus auwahi, s slope of haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 2110.m Maui US 3/27/1920
96 Rumex giganteus auwahi, s slope of haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 2110 m. Maui US 3/27/1920
97 Rumex giganteus N side Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14289 Hawaii US 8/22/2016
98 Rumex giganteus Kau Distr., Kahuku, lava flow of 1907, c. 5 mi W of South Point Road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Webster, G. L.; Gankin, R.; Herbst, D. R. 14019 Hawaii US 7/1/1968
99 Rumex giganteus pu`uwa`awa`a, pu`u hualalai. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john, r. bean, j. w. coulter, e. hashimoto & e. y. hosaka 11.399 Lanai US 12/29/1931
100 Rumex giganteus Kaupaia Gulch, N bank 3 m above gulch bottom mixed mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Canfield, J. E. 1304 Molokai US 9/24/1985
101 Rumex giganteus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 397 Hawaii US
102 Rumex giganteus near manuka park, kau district. Bare aa lava flow (1868 flow). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. carlquist 2066 Hawaii US 7/26/2013
103 Rumex giganteus About 1 mi W of Kulani Prison Camp on rd to Mauna Loa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 42064 Hawaii US 9/6/1961
104 Rumex giganteus east maui, koolau forest reserve steep shaded stream bank with Dicranopteris, Athyrium PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fortner, h.j. harrison, b. collector number: 233 Maui BISH 7/28/1973
105 Rumex giganteus honomuni, se of kawaiuliuli, wailau pali wet ohia, native trees and shrubs, exotic grass and shrubs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. montgomery, s. collector number: 3937 Molokai BISH 7/18/1979
106 Rumex giganteus Auwahi, S slope of Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 2110 M. Maui US 3/27/2020
107 Rumex giganteus Kilauea Volcano, Kalanilehua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 12989 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1917
108 Rumex giganteus trail up west bank of honomanu trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2574.m Maui BISH 6/23/1920
109 Rumex giganteus kona, keauhou 1 open parklands PRESERVED_SPECIMEN christ, j.h. Hawaii BISH 5/15/1958
110 Rumex giganteus Kapapala, Kau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 378 H Hawaii BISH 8/1/1911
111 Rumex giganteus onini gulch Uncommon and local in gully bottom in mesic forest. Plants sprawling along ground, sometimes somewhat leaning on adjacent vegetation. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla, Nestegis, Viola, Pouteria, Coprosma, Kadua, Ochrosia, Wikstroemia, Alyxia, Smilax, Pittosporum, Ilex, Myrsine, Pleomele, Psychotria, Microlepia, Carex, Dryopteris, Asplenium, Pteridium, Elaphoglossum, Luzula, Panicum, Nephrolepis, Doodia, Chamaesyce, Sophora. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. perlman, s. collector number: h60801 Molokai BISH 6/3/2008
112 Rumex giganteus kamoku, w fork of stream, e of kawela ridge, ridge to puu o kaeha, in stream bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. et al. collector number: 5626 Molokai BISH 10/22/1987
113 Rumex giganteus laupahoehoe, hilo fr moist Metrosideros forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. baldwin, p.; catto, r.j.; longley, p. collector number: 18629 Hawaii BISH 12/31/1937
114 Rumex giganteus Kilauea moist sunny woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 1651 Hawaii BISH 12/28/1922
115 Rumex giganteus Saddle Rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cowan, R.S. s.n. Hawaii BISH 12/27/1968
116 Rumex giganteus Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1067.M Maui BISH 8/6/1919
117 Rumex giganteus Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Brigham, W.T. s.n. Maui BISH 3/23/1905
118 Rumex giganteus kemole hill, slopes of mauna kea In rocky (lava) places in company with Campylotheca, Coprosma, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8304 Hawaii BISH 6/10/1910
119 Rumex giganteus East Molokai, N coast, base of Wailele Falls boulder rubble, under hala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2170 Molokai BISH 8/27/1984
120 Rumex giganteus Mauna Kea, SW slope along "skyline trail," near large cinder cones Very little vegetation present, mostly scattered mullein and Gnaphalium sandwicensium with a few grasses. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 572 Hawaii BISH 7/23/1981
121 Rumex giganteus Kilau Iki dry lava bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Morley, H. 143 H Hawaii BISH 8/14/1932
122 Rumex giganteus waikamoi drainage, n slope, on lower flume road Rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. collector number: 481c Maui BISH 8/1/1983
123 Rumex giganteus waikamoi lower flume in dense wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1648 Maui BISH 7/19/1982
124 Rumex giganteus kaupaia gulch, n bank 3 m above gulch bottom mixed mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. e. canfield 1304 Molokai US 9/24/1985
125 Rumex giganteus puu lehua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. carlson, n. collector number: 3014 Hawaii BISH 5/4/1973
126 Rumex giganteus N Kona, N Hualalai, back of Poohoohoo collapsed lava tube PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kondo, Y. s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/18/1946
127 Rumex giganteus east maui, haleakala, base of sliding sands trail cindery soil with Pteridium, Styphelia, Coprosma, Dubautia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. collector number: 3878 Maui BISH 7/15/1969
128 Rumex giganteus Kupaia Gulch, N bank, 3 m above bottom Metrosideros, Osmanthus, Pisonia, Dodonaea, Alyxia, Phyllanthus, Viola, Melinis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Canfield, J.E. 1304 Molokai BISH 9/24/1985
129 Rumex giganteus west maui, waikapu valley among rocks by stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2233 Maui BISH 12/16/1984
130 Rumex giganteus Keauhou Ranch, (TK-H), Kau District Log jam in pastureland in full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ESP Field Crew Collector Number: ESP 097 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1979
131 Rumex giganteus mts. above puu kolekole PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 136 mo Molokai BISH 7/1/1912
132 Rumex giganteus [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. 608 BISH 2/6/1905
133 Rumex giganteus N Kona, Kahalulu, between Mauna Loa and Hualalai, N of Puu Keanui and Puu Pohakuloa exotic grass, koa, ohia, native trees; lava tube on Coprosma PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jacobi, J.D. 1213 Hawaii BISH 8/11/1978
134 Rumex giganteus mauna kea, hummula PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cranwell, l.m. Hawaii BISH 6/21/1938
135 Rumex giganteus pawale, waikii, waikoloa, s.kohala dry, rocky PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2284 Hawaii BISH 6/10/1938
136 Rumex giganteus Mauna Kea, Skyline trail, Hamakua District Growing above treeline in cindery substrate. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 877 Hawaii BISH 9/30/1981
137 Rumex giganteus n kona, puuwaawaa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN skottsberg, c.j.f. collector number: 669 Maui BISH 9/26/1922
138 Rumex giganteus Crater of Haleakala, Kaeanae Gap, Halehaku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1050.M Maui BISH 8/3/1919
139 Rumex giganteus Kilauea, Kilaueaiki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/3/1929
140 Rumex giganteus mauna kea, skyline trail, hamakua district Growing above treeline in cindery substrate. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 877 Hawaii BISH 9/30/1981
141 Rumex giganteus n hilo, laupahoehoe, e mauna kea, ridge humuula rd/maulua tr On mossy rock in Aleurites forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1536 Oahu BISH 11/17/1977
142 Rumex giganteus Koa Mill, Alika, S Kona Metrosideros and Cibotium forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. s.n. Hawaii BISH 12/30/1946
143 Rumex giganteus Onini Gulch Uncommon and local in gully bottom in mesic forest. Plants sprawling along ground, sometimes somewhat leaning on adjacent vegetation. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla, Nestegis, Viola, Pouteria, Coprosma, Kadua, Ochrosia, Wikstroemia, Alyxia, Smilax, Pittosporum, Ilex, Myrsine, Pleomele, Psychotria, Microlepia, Carex, Dryopteris, Asplenium, Pteridium, Elaphoglossum, Luzula, Panicum, Nephrolepis, Doodia, Chamaesyce, Sophora. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H60801 Molokai BISH 6/3/2008
144 Rumex giganteus Waikamoi lower flume in dense wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1648 Maui BISH 7/19/1982
145 Rumex giganteus mauna kea, above hale pohaka Rare, in forest of scattered trees on aa lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN sohmer, s.h. collector number: 6236 Hawaii BISH 1/1/1970
146 Rumex giganteus Kilauea volcano floor PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. s.n. Hawaii BISH 9/1/1908
147 Rumex giganteus kupaia gulch, s bank, 3 m above bottom Metrosideros, Osmanthus, Pisonia, Dodonaea, Alyxia, Phyllanthus, Viola, Melinis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN canfield, j.e. collector number: 1302 Molokai BISH 9/24/1985
148 Rumex giganteus wright road, olaa forest reserve, puna virgin Cibotium and Metrosideros forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 25085 Hawaii BISH 1/29/1953
149 Rumex giganteus east maui, slopes of haleakala, above ukulele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1934.m Maui BISH 7/1/1910
150 Rumex giganteus waikii, parker ranch dry gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 312 Hawaii BISH 12/23/1932
151 Rumex giganteus East highland, Kawela trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cranwell, L.M. 3840 Molokai BISH 9/21/1938
152 Rumex giganteus kilauea moist sunny woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 1651 Hawaii BISH 12/28/1922
153 Rumex giganteus waikamoi gulch down hill PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mitchell, a.l. Maui BISH 9/30/1945
154 Rumex giganteus Mauna Kea, Hummula PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cranwell, L.M. s.n. Hawaii BISH 6/21/1938
155 Rumex giganteus e. kawela gulch Streambed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN russell, c.a. collector number: 706 Molokai BISH 10/22/1987
156 Rumex giganteus waikii, mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 468 h Hawaii BISH 8/8/1911
157 Rumex giganteus Kilauea Crater Rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Meebold, A. s.n. Hawaii BISH 5/1/1932
158 Rumex giganteus Kupaia Gulch, S bank, 3 m above bottom Metrosideros, Osmanthus, Pisonia, Dodonaea, Alyxia, Phyllanthus, Viola, Melinis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Canfield, J.E. 1302 Molokai BISH 9/24/1985
159 Rumex giganteus West Maui, Lahaina District, Honokowai, Amalu Stream. Growing on talus slope near base of waterfall. Vegetation: Degraded Metrosideros/Diospyros forest with Coffea, Psidium, Pisonia, Psychotria, Pneumatopteris, Freycinetia, Kadua, Passiflora, Rubus, Bidens, Ageratina, Setaria, Pluchea, Cyrtandra, Pneumatopteris, Paspalum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H100807 Maui BISH 10/7/2008
160 Rumex giganteus Wright Road, Olaa Forest Reserve, Puna Virgin Cibotium and Metrosideros forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 25085 Hawaii BISH 1/29/1953
161 Rumex giganteus Honomuni, SE of Kawaiuliuli, Wailau Pali wet ohia, native trees and shrubs, exotic grass and shrubs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 3937 Molokai BISH 7/18/1979
162 Rumex giganteus kilauea, kilaueaiki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. Hawaii BISH 8/3/1929
163 Rumex giganteus Waikamoi Gulch down hill PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mitchell, A.L. s.n. Maui BISH 9/30/1945
164 Rumex giganteus [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8844 BISH 4/9/1905
165 Rumex giganteus E Kawela Gulch, streambed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Russell, C.A. 706 Molokai BISH 10/22/1987
166 Rumex giganteus East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala National Park, Kipahulu Valley Rough `a`a lava area between Pu'u o' Pele; Pu'u o Maui & Ka Moa o Pele cinder cones. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 567a Maui BISH 10/10/1983
167 Rumex giganteus floor of Kilauea Iki Crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Morley, H. s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/1/1935
168 Rumex giganteus Waikamoi Drainage, N slope, on lower flume road Rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 481b Maui BISH 8/1/1983
169 Rumex giganteus aina hou PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 825 h Hawaii BISH 6/12/1915
170 Rumex giganteus w maui, honokowai valley, amalu branch valley bottom PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. munro, g.c. collector number: 63 Maui BISH 12/21/1928
171 Rumex giganteus West Maui, Lahaina District, Ukumehme Valley, W fork between Hokuula and Hale Pohaku Along perennial stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H51901 Maui BISH 5/2/2019
172 Rumex giganteus Waikii, Parker Ranch dry gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 312 Hawaii BISH 12/23/1932
173 Rumex giganteus n kona, n hualalai, back of poohoohoo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kondo, y. Maui BISH 7/18/1946
174 Rumex giganteus Laupahoehoe, Hilo FR moist Metrosideros forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 18629 Hawaii BISH 12/31/1937
175 Rumex giganteus kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hawaii BISH 8/8/1924
176 Rumex giganteus kapapala, kau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 378 h Hawaii BISH 8/1/1911
177 Rumex giganteus Kawela, W fork, Waikolu Stream, Hanalilolilo wet ohia, native trees and shrubs, treeferns PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2417 Molokai BISH 7/15/1979
178 Rumex giganteus Kohala Mts., Upper Hamakua ditch trail, head of Koiawe valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cranwell, L.M. 3108 Hawaii BISH 9/7/1938
179 Rumex giganteus Kapapala Forest Reserve Supported bt Metrosideros trees to about 25 ft. in height. Open Acacia koa - Metrosideros forest with Stephelia shrubs increasingly common; a transition zone between closed forest 60-80 ft. and open forest 30' tall. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 558 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1981
180 Rumex giganteus kilauea volcano, kalanilehua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 12989 Hawaii BISH 8/8/1917
181 Rumex giganteus east maui, hana district, haleakala national park, kipahulu valley Rough `a`a lava area between Pu'u o' Pele; Pu'u o Maui & Ka Moa o Pele cinder cones. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. collector number: 567b Maui BISH 10/10/1983
182 Rumex giganteus Crater Rim Rd., 1/4 mi W of Halemaumau Lookout, Kilauea loose volcanic cinders; with Vaccinium reticulatum, Sadleria cyatheoides, Silene hawaiiensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Dubautia ciliolata PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carlquist, S. 2060 Hawaii BISH 7/25/1966
183 Rumex giganteus Keauhou Ranch, (T-KH), Kau district Log jam in pastureland in full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ESP Field Crew Collector Number: ESP 097 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1979
184 Rumex giganteus Kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s.n. Hawaii BISH 4/7/1905
185 Rumex giganteus West Maui, Waikapu Valley among rocks by stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2233 Maui BISH 12/16/1984
186 Rumex giganteus keauhou ranch, (tk-h), kau district Log jam in pastureland in full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN esp field crew collector number: esp 097 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1979
187 Rumex giganteus [hawaiian islands; u.s.a.; hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 8844 BISH 8/8/1926
188 Rumex giganteus e. kawela gulch, streambed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN russell, c.a. collector number: 706 Molokai BISH 10/22/1987
189 Rumex giganteus puuwaawaa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 46 h Kauai BISH 6/8/1911
190 Rumex giganteus haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1067.m Maui BISH 8/6/1919
191 Rumex giganteus Kemole Hill, slopes of Mauna Kea In rocky (lava) places in company with Campylotheca, Coprosma, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8304 Hawaii BISH 6/10/1910
192 Rumex giganteus Aina Hou PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 825 H Hawaii BISH 6/12/1915
193 Rumex giganteus east maui, auwahi, s slope of haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2110.m Maui BISH 3/27/1920
194 Rumex giganteus kilau iki dry lava bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN morley, h. collector number: 143 h Hawaii BISH 8/14/1932
195 Rumex giganteus puu kapele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 534 Oahu BISH 4/19/1943
196 Rumex giganteus East Maui, Koolau Forest Reserve steep shaded stream bank with Dicranopteris, Athyrium PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fortner, H.J. 233 Maui BISH 7/28/1973
197 Rumex giganteus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. carlquist 2060 Oahu BISH
198 Rumex giganteus honaunau fr, n jeep trail wet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1690 Hawaii BISH 7/6/1970
199 Rumex giganteus Kamoku, W fork of stream, E of Kawela Ridge, ridge to Puu o Kaeha, in stream bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 5626 Molokai BISH 10/22/1987
200 Rumex giganteus mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8332 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1910
201 Rumex giganteus Puu Lehua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 3014 Hawaii BISH 5/4/1973
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